Phytochemical and biological investigation on syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae)

Abstract

Clove buds were collected, grinded and extracted with chloroform and the solvent was evaporated to get the crude extract. The crude extract was then subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography to get thirty fractions named as VLC fractions 1-30. These VLC fractions were then analyzed by thin layer chromatography to identify promising fraction. Those fractions were then subjected to preparative TLC in order to isolate the compounds. A small portion of crude was washed with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water to get petroleum ether soluble fraction (PESF), ethyl acetate soluble fraction (EASF), methanol soluble fraction (MSF) and water soluble aqueous fraction (AQF). These compounds then identified by C NMR and ATR- FTIR respectively. Compounds isolated from fractions SA-1.1, 1.2, 6, 13.1, 13.2 and 29.30 are characterized as eugenol, octane, eugenol acetate, oleanolic acid, β- Amyrin and gossypetin-o-rhamnopyranoside respectively. SA-1, 3, 6, 7, 8, PESF and crude showed highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Lactobacillus sp., Micrococcus sp, Streptococcus epidermidis, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella sp., and SA-1, 3, 6, 7, crude and PESF antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cereviseae, Tricophyton sp., Aspergillus flavus, Rhyzopus nigricans. Total phenolic content of fraction SA-1, 6, PESF, EASF, MSF and AQF was 519.33, 489.00, 427.25, 369.35, 208.73 1nd 114.41 mg GAE/ g of extractives. IC values of SA-1, 6, PESF, EASF, MSF and AQF was 0.72, 0.17, 4.01, 4.06, 9.10, 10.91 µg/ml. When peripheral and central analgesia were tested, SA-1, 6, PESF and AQF exhibited statistically significant (p<0.05)peripheral analgesia and though during first thirty minutes these extracts did not show any central analgesia, but after sixty minutes SA-1, 6, PESF and MSF showed significant (p<0.05) analgesia, after ninety minutes PESF, EASF showed significant (p<0.05) activity. SA-1, 6, PESF, EASF, MSF and AQF displayed statistically significant (p<0.05) thrombolytic effect, SA-1, 6, PESF, EASF, MSF showed statistically significant (p<0.05) anesthetic activity at 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03% concentrations on Channa punctatus. Crude, SA-1, 3, 4, 6, PESF and AQF showed antidiarrhoeal activity. Crude, SA-1, 3, 4, 6, PESF, EASF, MSF and AQF showed statistically significant (p<0.05) antiemetic activity. When crude, SA-1, 3, 6, PESF, EASF, MSF and AQF were tested for antihelminthic activity, paralysis time caused by crude, SA-6, PESF, EASF, MSF, AQF was statistically significant (p<0.05), death times caused by crude, PESF, EASF, AQF were also statistically significant (p<0.05). All extracts and soluble fractions exhibited statistically significant (p<0.05) antipyretic activity only after second, third and fourth hour of brewer yeast administration.