Spatio–temporal analysis of expatriates remittance and poverty alleviation in Manikganj district, bBangladesh

Abstract

Bangladesh is a country of huge population, which has led a variety of movement from home to abroad for employment, education and skill. The study has focused on the analytical description of expatriate migration, expatriate remittances and poverty level of Manikganj district and Bangladesh. The history of expatriate migration from Manikganj and Bangladesh has been included in the research by a methodology in details with the kind attention on the aims, objectives and structure of the research. The expatriate migration, remittance and concept of poverty, routes out of poverty and role of remittances for poverty alleviation in Bangladesh have been studied in the research. With the references to international context of the various present scenario of remittances and poverty alleviation studies in Bangladesh is analysed in the research. The history of migration from Manikganj district is changing day by day is also a consideration in the research within the seven upazillas which are not in same situation on migration, remittance and poverty situation. The study on spatial distribution of expatriates remittances and poverty alleviation in Manikganj, Bangladesh may bear academic and applied significance. The research work also describes about the data and figure of Manikganj district, the study area. It is noted that most of the expatriates go abroad at the working age of their life mostly from 20 to 40 years. At this working age, they spend their prime creative and productive years at abroad. Most of the migrants are dominantly low educated and less skilled. Most of them are labor type and engaged at low productive jobs. Most of them were married during their first migration. Their average family size is little higher than national average. Frequency of their migration is quite high and also considerable number of people migrated more than once in their life time. The impact of remittances on poverty level is analysed in the study. The result in the study shows that with the increase of remittance, the poverty level decreases. The positive correlation, regression, and statistical significances of the expatriate remittances and poverty situations are studied here also. The role of remittances at GDP of Bangladesh is also studied with statistical method in it where there is a positive relationship between remittances and GDP in Bangladesh. From the present discussion and statistical calculation it may conclude that there is relation between the Percent of Remittance in GDP and Poverty level of Bangladesh. Remittances have a potential role in the development of poverty situation and in the reduction of poverty over time in Bangladesh. Migration and remittances are mutually related valuable complement for poverty alleviation. However, someone argue that there is a dichotomy between remittance and poverty alleviation, The poor households, they receive remittances as a tool for poverty alleviation, and public sector finds it as a supplement for economy of Bangladesh. Remittances has a positive effect on poverty reduction. A supplementary conclusion emanated from this study is that policymakers should adopt policies that encourage the use of remittances for investment and human development. The spatio-temporal analysis of remittances and poverty of the study area is done. The correlation among the migrants of Manikganj and Dhaka district in terms of expatriates’ migrants of Bangladesh is discussed through the statistical significance test in the study. The correlation among the remittances data of Manikganj and Dhaka district in Bangladesh is significant and spatial distribution in the study area is homogenous and statistical analysis shows that the poverty of Bangladesh at national, rural and urban level is distributed homogeneously and the decrease of level of poverty almost the same. But the spatial poverty rates at various places of Bangladesh are not homogeneously distributed. The divisional headquarters are richer than the remote districts of Bangladesh. The policy related issues is studied in this research work. The existing policies on migration, remittances and poverty is discusses here. Besides, a recommendation on expatriate migration and remittance policy is forecasted here. Finally the study concludes and recommends that someone may study on the effect of brain drain and labour loss from Bangladesh, the poverty transmission from rural to urban area, the country wide impact of poverty on migration etc. Also, the study recommends that remittance has a positive effect on poverty alleviation. The policymakers should adopt policies that encourage the use of remittance for investment and human development. Finally, as per result of literature review, statistical calculation and field survey the study recommends that expatriate remittance alleviates poverty in Bangladesh.