Distribution of hyperglycemia and related cardiovascular disease risk factors in neglected ethnic community (Biharies) in Dhaka city

Abstract

The study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of hyperglycemia and its related cardiovascular risk factors in Behari people living in Geneva camp. This is a community based cross sectional study which was conducted through screening in camp settings, which included total of 300 participants (aged ≥ 30 years) by following purposive sampling procedure.Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to diagnose Hyperglycemia according to the diagnostic criteria of World Health Organization (WHO). Presence of cardiovascular risk factors were determined by measuring Blood Pressure, BMI, Total cholesterol, Waist Hip Ratio etc. Logistic regression analysis was used with or without Adjustment for potential confounders. Of total 300 respondents ,201(67%) were females and 99(33%) were males. The mean age of males and females were 50.9±13.2 and 45.4±12.5 respectively and in combined group mean age was 47.2±12.9 years. More than half (58.3%) of the respondents were found illiterate where illiteracy was found more in females (65.7%). Among the respondents about 36% males were employed whereas majority of the female respondents were housewives (69.7%). In this study 35.5% respondents were found with the family history of diabetes. In case of shared risk factors, the prevalence of hypertension was 22.7% (n=68); where prevalence of hypertension in males and females was 28.3% and 19.9% respectively. According to OGTT 29.3% respondents were found as diabetic cases where prevalence of diabetes was found more in females (31.8%). The prevalence of IGT was found high (18% ) which was more or less equal in males and females ( 17.2% and 18.4% respectively). Prevalence of high cholesterol level was found as 45.7% overall which was more orless nearly equal in males and females. The prevalence of underweight, normal, overweight and obese was 2.3%, 23.7%(CI -.122-5.15), 38% (CI-0.25-10.16) and 36%(CI -0.35-14.85) respectively. Waist circumference was found to be high in 69.7% of study subjects in terms of central obesity. The prevalence of smoking was 9% which was not so high and prevalence of alcohol consumption was very low (only 3.3%). Prevalence of low physical activity was 36.3%.Current study found that 26.7 % of the study population took extra salt in terms of table salt regularly whereas 19% took it occasionally which is a risk factor of high blood pressure. Significant association (p<0.05) of high blood pressure was found with age, education and monthly income. The indices of obesity (high BMI and WHR), Hyperlipedemia (increased Total Cholesterol) may at least in part explain the high prevalence of hyperglycemia and its related CVD risk factors in Behari people living in Dhaka city.