The World Health Organization Model and Active Ageing : A Study in Bangladesh

Abstract

The demographic landscape of Bangladesh is undergoing a transformative shift, with nearly 22.9 million older persons, forming a substantial portion of the population. In response to the challenges posed by this ageing population, policy agendas have underscored the significance of active and healthy ageing. While the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced a policy framework to advocate for such a paradigm, its application in the context of Bangladesh has remained limited. Increasing interest among researchers globally has lead a bulk of literature on active ageing, although its exploration in Bangladesh has primarily gained momentum in recent years. This doctoral thesis undertakes a comprehensive investigation into the effectiveness of the World Health Organization (WHO) model of Active Ageing within the unique situation of Bangladesh. The study investigate the factors that contribute to the realization of active ageing, while critically evaluating the adaptability of the WHO model within the complex fabric of Bangladeshi society and culture. Through an empirical examination of this interface, this research aims to offer invaluable insights that can guide the development of pragmatic policy interventions by addressing the needs and aspirations of the ageing population. Using advanced statistical techniques, the study yields a refined six-factor model for active ageing, which accommodates the distinctive feature of the context. Apart from established determinants, the research found the paramount influence of spiritual and religious dimensions on active ageing among older individuals in Bangladesh. A diverse array of activities contributing to active ageing is identified. It encompasses domains from rural- urban differentials in health conditions as well as the pivotal role of education and gender dynamics. The implications of this study are multifold. It opens the window for research to carry forward. Policymakers are urged to apply comprehensive frameworks that encompass accessible healthcare, robust social safety nets, and support systems tailored for the elderly. Following the reconfigured model of Active Ageing, these efforts should facilitate flexible work arrangements, empower economic independence, and fortify financial security. A focus on enhancing the holistic well-being of the elderly by nurturing physical health, maintain mental well-being, and mobilizing intergenerational interactions were found vital. This research sets a pattern for future research avenues, including the economic valuation of the active ageing population's contribution and its subsequent impact on the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP).