RESOURCE EXPLOITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS: AN ETHICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

Scientists, ecologists, economists and environmentalists have presented a scenario that suggests not just the existence of humans, but the planet itself, is moving toward an uncertain future. One primary reason for this dire situation is the overexploitation of natural resources and ensuing environmental crises.Environmental ethics, a branch of applied philosophy, addresses contemporary environmental challenges such as deforestation, climate change, ozone layer depletion, loss of biodiversity, pollution, and overconsumption of natural resources. While science and technology play crucial roles in addressing these challenges, they are paradoxically contributors to the environmental issues stemming from overexploitation of resources. Hence, alongside experts from other domains, the perspectives and ideas of philosophers can offer valuable insights to policymakers and leaders. There exists a gap between values and the practical implementation of these values. In this thesis, I encourage individuals to adopt an ethical lens when considering our planet Earth, emphasizing the importance of valuing nature and respecting all its inhabitants. Many are aware of what ought to be done, yet they act according to their desires, often in the face of known consequences. Influenced by consumerist advertisements, humans overexploit natural resources to satisfy their desires, neglecting the needs of non-human entities. It's indisputable that natural resources are vital for industrial production and economic growth. While resources are essential for our basic needs, they are finite and insufficient for the insatiable desires of humanity. Furthermore, the non-human components of our ecosystem rely heavily on these resources. Unsustainable consumption threatens the ecosystem, and by extension, our own survival. Our existence owes much to our forebears. What we are today reflects the actions, values, morals, and beliefs of our ancestors. Just as we remember them, future generations will judge ii us by our actions. Our deeds today will determine the esteem or disdain with which we are remembered. For a prosperous and fulfilling life, humans need a healthy environment and adequate resources. It's not only our responsibility to ensure a liveable planet for future generations but also their inherent right. In this thesis, I delve into the circumstances, factors, and consequences of resource exploitation and environmental crises. I have scrutinized foundational ethical theories relevant to environmental concerns. Various environmentalists advocate distinct strategies for a sustainable planet, but their collective aim is humanity's continued existence on Earth. I touch upon modern strategies, highlighting the sustainable development approach. This approach emphasizes ethics and aims to achieve balanced economic, social, and environmental goals. It underscores the sustainable use of resources for both current and future generations, seeking harmony between intergenerational and intragenerational justice. I conclude with recommendations to further sustainable development goals, mitigate resource overexploitation, and address numerous environmental crises. I hope this thesis inspires more efficient resource utilization and fosters active engagement in environmental problem-solving.