Abstract:
Iron deficiency anemia, folic acid deficiency, and calcium deficiency during pregnancy can lead to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the infant in developing countries, including Bangladesh. Preventive measures and managing approaches for iron, folic acid, and calcium deficiency before and during pregnancy can lower the rate of maternal and child mortality and morbidity in both evolving and established countries, including Bangladesh.
The purpose of the current research work was to find out the prevalence and outcomes of iron deficiency, folate deficiency, and Calcium deficiency during pregnancy as well as the steps to prevent and control them.
A whole of 50 blood trials (samples) of pregnant women were drawn into EDTA tubes from December,2019 to February,2020, from the Dhaka Medical College Hospital of Dhaka during the visits of the pregnant women to the Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department by using Sysmex XN-2000-a great pair for simple and advanced testing and a combination of two research modules that can be tailored to the clinical software specifically.
Among 50 pregnant women, total 13(26%) pregnant women had moderate iron deficiency anemia, 05 (10%) pregnant had severe iron deficiency anemia, and total 32 (64%) pregnant women had mild iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy, it is also shown from the result that, total 32 (64%) pregnant women had mild folate deficiency anemia, 13 (26%) pregnant women had moderate folate deficiency anemia, and total 05 (10%) pregnant women had severe folate deficiency anemia and total 38 (76%) pregnant women had normal calcium level and total 12 (24%) pregnant women had hypocalcemia or calcium deficiency.
During the gestational period, iron insufficiency, folic acid deficiency, and calcium shortage all these can cause potential risks to the mothers such as miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, hemorrhage, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and also brings out negative outcomes to the infants such as prematurity, low birth weight, growth retardation, cleft lip, cleft palate, neural tube defects, and death. Increasing awareness, proper diagnosis and management of iron, folic acid, calcium deficiency during pregnancy will fill the nutritional gap and control the major causes of mortality and morbidity and poor maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in Bangladesh.
