The Arabic and the English Languages: A Comparative Analysis with Reference to Morphology

Abstract

ALHAMDU LILLAH (All praise be to Allah), the Almighty who by this infinite mercy enabled me to write a much needed “Thesis” on Arabic Language. ARABIC ranks sixth in the world's league table of languages, with an estimated 186 million native speakers. As the language of the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam, it is also widely used throughout the Muslim world. It belongs to the Semitic group of languages which also includes Hebrew and Amharic, the main language of Ethiopia.There are many Arabic dialects. Classical Arabic – the language of the Qur'an – was originally the dialect of Mecca in what is now Saudi Arabia. An adapted form of this, known as Modern Standard Arabic, is used in books, newspapers, on television and radio, in the mosques, and in conversation between educated Arabs from different countries (for example at international conferences). Now a day Arabic and English Languages have to-day assumed the status of International languages. With the emergence of sovereign Arab States, in Asia, Europe and Africa, exercising considerable influence in the political and economic spheres, As a result people of the world have developed a tremendous interest in Arabic language. It is unique that Arabic, though a classical language, is well equipped enough to cope with the increasing with the vocabulary. Time has not driven it into oblivion as it has done in the case of many a mighty tongue such as Pali and Sanskrit, nor has this language undergone any drastic changes over the last fourteen centuries of its glorious existence. On the other hand, it has revitalized itself and become more popular with the passage of time and has attained a singular status which very few classical languages command. Due to the standard of Arabic that has been fixed by the Quranic Text. As Philip k. Hitti has remarked: “For many centuries in the Middle Ages It (Arabic) was the language of learning and culture and progressive thought throughout the civilized world. Between the ninth and the twelfth centuries more works, philosophical, medical, historical, religious, astronomical and geographical, were produced in comparison with the other languages. In Arabic than through any other tongue”. 1 The European languages are indebted to Arabic for part of their vocabulary, idiom and style. The Oxford English Dictionary reveals the fact that a vast number of English words are of Arabic origin. Its (English) alphabet has been adopted by Persian, Pashtu, Urdu, Sindhi, Turkish, Malay and several other oriental languages. All the above discussion indicate to know clearly about the grammatical rules, because Grammar is the criterion standard of language learning. The birth of grammar takes place with the creation of civilization. Grammarians are trying to improve the language of modern generation by researching and improving their ideas and giving us more flawless and improved language. By remaining between some rules and regulation anyone can improve the essays, stories, poetries or any kind of drama by entering into their imaginary words. But it is impossible in grammar because grammar is formula based. So no one can comment anything about grammar by violating the rules and they also don’t have any scope to do that. This is undeniable that there is an inseparable similar between every language of present’s world and the written grammar. Therefore, I think that the Arabic language is the most efficient and arranged/standard language because Arabic grammar is written on the basis of the language of the holy Quran. Apparently I think there is some lack of co-ordination in between the grammar of Arabic and English. This needs to be solved, especially in the field of Morphology. It will help the readers. I have tried with any level best with a little knowledge to create a co-ordination between English and Arabic grammar. This is my little attempt. It will improve the skill of the readers of English as well as the readers of Arabic grammar simultaneously. For helping discussion this volume has been divided into 9 th chapters and in the first chapter there is a brief discussion on Arabic pronunciation. Because it is very necessary to know that, the exact pronunciation of any language, especially Arabic accent; because there is a distinction in the device of speaking Arabic than other tongues. On the other hand, this language has a close connection with the Holy Quran as it has been written in the very language. Allah himself asserted to recite from the Quran with exact pronunciation.