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The present study was carried out on “Study on Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment, Plant and
Food Stuff Around the Island Bhola of Bangladesh” attempts to extract information about
Heavy Metal Pollution in water, sediment, soil and to assess the risk to public health occurred
from consumption of heavy metal contaminated foodstuff like fish. Bhola in southern
Bangladesh represents the world’s most dynamic estuary is potentially vulnerable to accelerated
sea level rise and associated calamities.The vulnerability assessment pertaining to Bangladesh
coast, were done only on regional scale using parameter like sea level change or shoreline
change (Sarwar 2013) that includes Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) delta in Bangladesh
rather than targeting a small island like Bhola.
For Water
Evaluation of surface water quality to ascertain its utility gain extra concern in the present-day
life. This study was carried out to reveal the various factors responsible for deterioration of water
quality using multivariate indices (principal component analysis, Pearson correlation and cluster
analysis), water quality index (WQI) and the spatial distribution maps were drawn to observe the
spatial extent of WQI using IDW technique in thelargest offshore island of Bangladesh in Bhola
district.A total of 14 surface water samples are analyzed for the rainy seasons to assess the
possible consumptive human health risk among the adults and children of the study area. It is
found that most of the studied hydrochemical parameters (pH, EC, Cl-, NO3
- , SO4
2-, As, Mn, Fe,
Zn, Pb, Cd, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+ etc.) limits compared by BDWS, Indian standard and WHO
which maximum parameters were permissible limit except Mn and Fe.Results of WQI indicate
majority of samples falls in poor to unfit range in rainy seasons. PCA and CA identifies that the
surface water chemistry are influenced by natural as well as minor anthropogenic activities.
Aftertreatment, the water can be used for drinking purpose. Thus, the affirmative solution will be
proper surface water development and management practices through artificial recharge to
maintain both quality and quantity.
For Sediment
Assessment of heavy metals in coastal region sediments from Tentulia river of the district Bhola,
Bangladesh was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) technique with the
computation of different pollution indices. The mean order of metal concentration is
Ca>Mg>K>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Pb>As>Cd in the study area. The pollution indices such as
Contamination factor (CF), Pollution load index (PLI), Contamination degree (Cd), modified
degree of contamination (mCd), Potential contamination index (Cp) and potential ecological risk
index (RI) were used for the metal enrichment and contamination status. The CF and PLI value
of the present work indicating that the sediments are not polluted by heavy metals. The
calculated Contamination degree (Cd), modified degree of contamination (mCd), Potential
contamination index (Cp) and potential ecological risk index (RI) of the studied metals indicated
that the study area does not posed high risk to local environments.
For Soil
In recent years, heavy metal contamination in soils calls for significant concerns due to the rapid
urbanization and industrialization. The present research was conducted to assess the ecological
and health risk of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb) from coastal region soils in the
district of Bhola, Bangladesh. Heavy metals were investigated utilizing Atomic Absorption
Spectrometer (AAS) technique. The mean concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb in
different soil sampling sites were found 238.6, 268.62, 221.76, 19.68, 116.21 and 3208.42 mg/kg
respectively. The mean concentration of maximum studied heavy metals were found underneath
as far as possible set by the Dutch standard, Canadian guidelines and Australian guidelines with
the exception of Pb and Cd. Potential ecological risk (PER) of soils from all sampling sites
showed very high risk. Add up to Total Target Hazard Quotients (TTHQ) for every single
concentrated metal in all-out testing sites were <1 and cancer risk values were under 10-6
demonstrating low noncancer- causing and cancer risk in grown-up for a few exposure pathways.
For Fish
Heavy metals are a global concern, due to their potential toxic effect and ability to bioaccumulate
in aquatic ecosystems, which might have a negative impact on human health through
consumption of fish. The health risks due to metal exposure from consuming various fish species
were assessed for the island of Bhola .We assessed heavy metal levels and health risk of Pb, Cd,
Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, As, Hg, Cu and Co in ten pond fish samples were collected during rainy
season in 2017 from Bhola district to measure the heavy metal concentrations in edible part
(flesh) of the fishes by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) method. Accumulation of
heavy metals was observed in the order of fish Fe>Co>Zn>Cu>Mn>Ni>Pb>Hg.The As and Cr
levels in all samples were found to be varied between N.D (not detectable) and lower than the
limit of detection limit.The health risk assessment was evaluated for estimated daily intake
(EDI), average body weight (70 kg), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) using
the FAO/WHO and USEPA recommendations.Based on our results, the EDI and THQ values for
most of elements in fish samples were higher than 1, which indicates adverse effects may occur
on health. The HI values for all of fish samples were lower than 1. This result indicates that there
is some possibility that non-cancer effects may occur through consumption in the future. |
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