http://reposit.library.du.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/185 2026-04-07T17:05:38Z http://reposit.library.du.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/1971 TOURISM BRANDING: A CASE STUDY ON COX’S BAZAR AFRIN, SHARMIN ThisThesis Submitted to the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) In Tourism and Hospitality Management. 2022-09-04T00:00:00Z http://reposit.library.du.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/1887 DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN SAINT MARTIN’S ISLAND: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY Rahman, Sk. Mosiur Tourism has identified as a major industry, which is growing very fast in many countries of the world. Bangladesh is a developing country and going to be a middle income country where tourism can play a vital role in its GDP growth. Tourism plays a significant role for the socio-economic development of an area or a region of a country. Tourism has a bright prospect in Bangladesh but it has growing very slowly. Government of Bangladesh has taken many initiatives for the development of tourism industries in our country. Bangladesh is a wonderful country with a lot of tourist spots having scopes to develop different types of tourism. Among all the forms of tourism; beach tourism is very much popular and one of the prominent tourist attractions in Bangladesh at present. The World’s longest unbroken sandy sea beach at Cox’s Bazar (120 km/75 mile long) and the only beautiful coral island at Saint Martin’s is now the most popular tourist destination of Bangladesh. Saint Martin’s Island has found the blue water into the Bay of Bengal. For this reason, now Saint Martin’s Island has been identified as a popular tourist destination. There are about 7,000-8,000 tourists visit St. Martin’s Island every day in the tourist season (October-March) only for the attractions of this coral scenario and significant rural life styles. Saint Martin’s Island is a beautiful creation of Almighty Allah. The island is popularly known as ‘pearl in the sea’. People of Saint Martin’s Island called it ‘Narikel Jinjira’ or ‘Jinjira Dwip’. The surrounding coral reef of Saint Martin’s Island has an extension named ‘Chera Dwip’-which is a part of Saint Martin’s Island but separated during high tides from the main land. There are nine distinct administrative Villages, which is locally known as Para within the island. The island is a Union of Teknaf Upazila under Cox’s Bazar District of Bangladesh. Researcher has identified some problems for tourism development in this island. The identifying challenges for tourism development of Saint Martin’s Island are: Tourists cannot visit this island smoothly round the year; except tourist season (from October-March), because full time ferry services didn’t continuing in the whole year. The internal transport and road network is not well for travelling of the tourists. Pure drinking water facility is not available in everywhere of the island as salinity is increasing day by day. Large number of permanent population and also a huge number of Rohingya peoples regular activities has pollutes the environment of the island. Security for the tourists is not sufficient. The island has lack of recreational facilities and also insufficient modern tourism development facilities. As a result, the incoming rate of foreign tourists of Saint Martin’s Island is decreasing day by day. There is no Bank or ATM Booth in Saint Martin’s Island. As a result, tourists have to go to the Bank or ATM Booth in Teknaf or Cox’s Bazar in emergency cases. The research ‘Development of Tourism in Saint Martin’s Island: An Ethnographic Study’ has been divided into two linkages; firstly, tourism development scenario in St. Martin’s Island and secondly, ethnographic study of the peoples of St. Martin’s Island. This research has conducted on the basis of primary and secondary data. Primary data were generated mainly conducted of household survey by using a pre-structured questionnaire among 220 household’s head of St. Martin’s Island and also 100 domestic and 38 foreign tourists. The stratified random sampling survey method has used for data collection. This is an ethnographic study on Saint Martin’s Island. This research mainly adopted Participant Observation Method. Ethnography is the description of the culture of people and culture is the way of life. Peoples of Saint Martin’s Island are in Muslim Community. Fishing is their main profession. Agriculture is the second and business is the third profession; which has treated as supplementary profession. Ethnography is dealing with people and Tourism is also dealing with people. Between the two disciplines main focus is people. So, we can say that, there is a linkage between ethnography and tourism. About the linkage of tourism and ethnography; American Anthropologist and Tourism specialist Edward Burner said that, “Tourism has less to do with what other people are really like and more to do with how we imagine them to be and in this respect is like any other form of representation, including Ethnography (E. Bruner, 1989).” For visiting huge number of tourists; Saint Martin’s Island are facing the major anthropogenic threats for the environment. After realizing this situation, Govt. of Bangladesh declared St Martin’s Island as an Ecologically Critical Area (ECA) in 1999 and Environmental Endangered Zone (EEZ) in 2005. Due to the geographical location of the Bay of Bengal, the island suffers from devastating tropical cyclones frequently; which has identified as an impact for the development of tourism in Saint Martin’s Island. If local authority and govt. should take necessary initiatives in planned way for the development of tourism in Saint Martin’s Island; then it will identify as number -1 tourist spot of Bangladesh and as well as south Asia and south-east Asia within a short time. To achieve 8.25% GDP growth in COVID-19 period, it’s a great challenge for Bangladesh; where tourism sector especially in beach tourism of Cox’s Bazar and the only coral island- Saint Martin’s can plays a significant role. This PhD Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Business Studies Dept. of Tourism and Hospitality Management, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2022-04-20T00:00:00Z http://reposit.library.du.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/1594 Green Tourism Practices in Cox’s Bazar Hossan, Farooq Tourism is an expanding international business contributing a lot to the GDP of world economy and also to the GDP of each country which has the tourism products to offer to the tourists. With such positive contribution of the tourism industry now-a-days it is claimed that it has a great negative impact on the environment. Especially, pollution of the environment by the tourism activities has made concern to the stakeholders of the industry which leads to the green tourism practices. Green tourism practices focus on trying to minimize the negative impact on the environment by tourism business through applying the various tools and techniques. Bangladesh is a potential and rising country in tourism business that needs to understand the green practices in tourism to grip the competitive advantage. Green tourism practices are the burning issue now and also it is timely one and widespread issue from the sense of its consequence. So, the study of ‘Green Tourism Practices in Cox’s Bazar’ is a significant one. The basic objective of the study is to check the green tourism practices in Cox’s Bazar of Bangladesh which is achieved by (i) measuring the attitude of tourists, hotels and restaurants and (ii) examining their actual activities toward the green tourism practices. The study is an extensive one which covers the various aspects of green practices. Review of literatures proves that no specific research on such a topic is done in the previous years in Bangladesh. So, the study will provide the necessary clues for understanding how green issues can be utilized for attracting more tourists in Bangladesh. To conduct the study, a systematic research methodology is followed which includes the various steps as selection of the study area with consciousness, following the appropriate research process, development of research questions and hypotheses, selecting and applying the proper tools and techniques to collect data, using the feasible interviewing techniques, planning sample and sampling design, questionnaire design development, making decision on using suitable statistical tools for the study and following the system of data analysis and reporting. Firstly, the problem is defined precisely as the step of research process that is done by reviewing more related literatures. For the study both exploratory and causal research design is applied where the first is applied to define the problem precisely and also to find out the research gap and the latter is used to interpret the collected data. Under the survey method the data are collected by face-to-face interview in which structured questionnaires are used as the tools of datav | P a g e Green Tourism Practices in Cox’s Bazar collection. The target population for the study consists of tourists, hotels and restaurants of Cox’s Bazar. In choosing sampling technique simple random sampling is used for the tourists and two-stage sampling method (stratified and simple random) is used to select the sample from the hotels and restaurants. Questionnaires are developed based on the variables and before final field work questionnaires are pre-tested. To analyze the data both mathematical and graphical analytical models are used. Chi-square test, Correlation Matrix Analysis, Descriptive Analysis and Factor Analysis are used as the statistical techniques to analyze the data. The collected data are analyzed by using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) and computer program. This software helps to organize the data into tables and graphs and also performs statistical calculations that are pertinent to the data analysis process. From the study of measuring tourists’ attitude and their genuine attempts toward green tourism practices, it is found that there is a positive association between Green Practices and the independent variables. The study expresses that in the context of genuine activities by the tourists several green practices are found (use of reusable tote bags, recycled cloths, reusable water bottles, walking instead of driving where possible, using public transportation, buying recycled content products and buying greening products) among them and the remaining actions toward green tourism practices are frustrating. To provide the importance on green practices in the hotel, majority of the hoteliers think that such practices are very important or important. Except customer education program as the tool of green tourism practice in the hotel industry hoteliers give the importance on other techniques (energy saving program, water conservation program, waste management program, employee education program and pest and weeds management program). The study explores that there exists association between green practices and the six independent variables. Real actions toward green tourism practices by the hoteliers depict that most of the hotels are using the tools of setting the rules of energy linked to the guest room, shutting down energy appliances manually, use of florescent lamps, use of cold water instead of hot as much as possible, giving the attention to purchase the recycled content products, donating excess food to employees under food waste reduction program, picking weeds by hand rather than using weed killers, giving out information on green practice in public areas of the hotel and guest room, and organizing the training program. But to the interest of the environment they are not applying other variables. Majority of the respondents give the importance on greenvi | P a g e Green Tourism Practices in Cox’s Bazar practices in restaurant business. There is a positive and significant association of Green Practices of restaurants only with two variables as Offered Manu and Energy Saving Program. With other variables association is positive but not significant. No restaurant was found in involving composting program. Most of the restaurants do not use eco-friendly cleaning supplies and a poor number of restaurants have environmental procurement guidelines. All the three stakeholders have the distinct suggestions to popularize the green practices in tourism. Recommendations on transportation, procurement of environmental product, water conservation program, waste management program, promotion of green practices, energy saving program, education and training program, tourists initiatives, hoteliers responsibility, restaurants’ actions, tourism industry’s obligations and government attempts are provided. Such recommendations can be applied toward green tourism practices for the betterment of the tourism industry This thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The University of Dhaka. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://reposit.library.du.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/1375 Socio-economic impact of tourism in Cox’s Bazar: A study of local residents' attitude Bhuiyan, Mohammad Badruzzaman In the 21stcentury, globalization of capitalism, movement of populations, and advances in transportation and communication technology have helped to develop tourism into one of the world’s largest industries. Tourism is a dynamic economic sector which plays a significant role in the sustainable economic development and in poverty reduction. It is recognized that tourism has become a significant industry both in poor and rich countries due to its positive impacts on the economy, people’s livelihoods and socio-cultural development. Unfortunately, the efforts and steps taken by the government of Bangladesh have not brought remarkable growth in its tourism sector in spite of its huge potentiality. Literatures on tourism impact have indicated that there is a lack of study that provides the information of local residents’ attitude towards tourism impact in developing tourist destinations. In particular, very little is known about the factors influencing local residents’ attitude towards tourism impact. To fill this gap, this study examines the influence of economic and social impact of tourism on the attitude of local residents’ of Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh. This study has the following objectives: (1) to analyze the attitude of local residents of Cox’s Bazar about the impact of tourism on their economic development; (2) to analyze the attitude of local residents of Cox’s Bazar about the impact of tourism on their social changes; (3) to examine the influences of demographic factors on the attitude of local residents towards tourism impact in their area; and (4) to make recommendations for all tourism stakeholders and the local community to maximize the benefits of this sector and for the development of tourism. To achieve the objectives of the study, data were collected from 397 local residents of Cox’s Bazar through questionnaire. During data collection, the stratified random sampling approach was used to select the respondents that represent the whole group of the population that lives in the four Wards within the Cox’s Bazar Municipality area; Ward no. 2, 3, 9, and 12. Factor analysis was initially used to assess the dimensionality of the various constructs in the theoretical model, thereafter multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the influence of economic impact (living standard, employment opportunity, earning capability) and social impact (cultural development, social value) of tourism on the attitude of local residents’ of Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh. The results indicated that local residents’ attitude towards tourism impact are significantly affected by the living standard, employment opportunity and earning capability created by tourism but local residents’ attitude towards tourism impact are not significantly affected by the cultural development and social value created by tourism.The findings implied that the respondents have positive attitude about the economic impacts than the negative economic impacts due to the benefits received from the growth of the tourism industry in Cox’s Bazar. Their positive attitudes were mostly influenced by an opportunity to earn greater income from working in the tourism industry or by selling goods and services to tourists. On the other hand, the respondents have a slightly negative attitude in the statements related to consequences of tourism impact on the local residents of Cox’s Bazar in terms of cultural development and social value. Based on the findings of this research, some recommendations have been made that could assist the related authorities in formulating appropriate policy and strategy and constructing a framework for developing sustainable tourism in Cox’s Bazar. This thesis submitted to the department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) in Tourism and Hospitality Management. 2017-03-30T00:00:00Z